ABSTRACT
Objective: To study the chemical composition from the leaves of Panax japonicus var. major. Methods: Column chromatographies (including macroporous resin, silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 and ODS) and semi-preparative HPLC were used to separate the constituents. The structures were elucidated by the analysis of spectral data and chemical properties. Results: Three compounds were isolated and elucidated as dammar-20(21),24-diene-3β,6α,12β-triol (1), dammar-20(22) Z,24-diene-3β,6α,12β-triol (2), and 3-O-[-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranosyl]-20-O-[-β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranosyl]-23E,25-diene- 20(S)-protopanoxadiol (3). Conclusion: Compound 1 and 2 was obtained from the plant for the first time. And compound 3 named as majoroside Z is a new triterpenoid saponin.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To study the active triterpenoid saponins of Tujia ethnomedicine Kouziqi (Panax japonicus var. major). The antitumor activity was screened and the relationship between the structure and activity of the compounds was discussed. Methods: The ethanol extract of Kouziqi was isolated by Silica gel, ODS and MCI column chromatograph and purified by preparative HPLC. The structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analysis and compared with literatures. Using MTT assay to detect the cytotoxicity of 14 compounds in BGC-823, HCT-116, Hela, HepG-2 cells. Results: A total of 14 known compounds were isolated from Tujia ethnomedicine Kouziqi and determined as chikusetsusaponin IVa methyl ester (1), chikusetsusaponin IVa butyl ester (2), chikusetsusaponin IV (3), chikusetsusaponin IVa (4), 28-desglucosylchikusetsusaponin IVa (5), oleanolic acid-3-O-β-D-(6'- methylester)-glucuronopyranoside (6), (24R)-majonoside R1 (7), (24R)-pseudoginsinoside F11 (8), (20S)-notoginsinoside-R2 (9), (20S)-ginsenoside Rg2 (10), ginsenoside Rg1 (11), ginsenoside Re (12), ginsenoside Rd (13) and chikusetsusaponin-V methyl ester (14). Among the 14 compounds, compounds 5 and 6 showed dose-dependent cytotoxicity to BGC-823, HCT-116, Hela and HepG-2 cells. Compound 5 had cytotoxicity in BGC-823 and HCT-116 cells with IC50 values of 9.94 and 14.17 μmol/L, respectively. Compound 6 had the best cytotoxicity in HepG-2 cells with IC50 value of 12.70 μmol/L. Conclusion: Compound 6 is isolated from Kouziqi for the first time and its spectral data were reported. The antineoplastic activity of Tujia ethnomedicine Kouziqi is based on the oleanolic acid-type triterpenoid saponins and related to the substituents of C-28, but the mechanism still needs to be deeply studied.
ABSTRACT
To explore the effects of shading and the expression of key enzyme genes on the synthesis and accumulation of Panax japonicus var. major saponins, different shading treatments (0%, 30%,50%) of potted P. japonicus var. major were used as test materials, the expression of three key enzyme genes(CAS,DS,-AS) of leaves and rhizomes in different growth periods of P. japonicus var. major was determined by real-time quantitative PCR, the content of total saponins was determined by ultraviolet spectrophotometry. The results indicated that, in flowering stage, CAS,DS,-AS were highly expressed in the aerial parts of P. japonicus var. major, 30% shading treatment significantly inhibited the expression of CAS in leaves and promoted the expression of DS and -AS in stems, leaves and flowers, it was speculated that the main part of saponin synthesis was leaf in this stage. Both the expression levels of DS and -AS and changes in the content of total saponins in leaves showed a tendency of low-high-low throughout the growth cycle, correlation coefficient analysis showed that there was a positive correlation between them. Compared with control, the expression levels of DS and -AS and the content of total saponins were greatly enhanced under shading treatment, 30% shading treatment significantly promoted the accumulation of total saponins. Therefore, it is suggested that 30% shading treatment should be applied to the artificial cultivation of P. japonicus var. major, which is beneficial to the accumulation and quality improvement of saponins.